Parts of Speech NOUNS Common nouns refer to any place, person, thing, or idea. examples: woman, country Proper nouns refer to any particular place, person, thing, or idea. examples: Greta, Norway PRONOUNS take the place of a noun. Nominative case is used for the subject of a sentence or clause. example: He went to bed. Possessive case shows ownership. example: The waterbed is his. Objective case receives action or is after a preposition. example: They sold him a leaky waterbed. VERBS show action or state of being and the time of that action or state. examples: Past: She waited in the car. Present: She needs gas now. Future: She will enjoy her trip. ADVERBS describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs and specify in what manner, when, where, or how much. examples: He whimpered miserably as the doctor injected the antidote. It hurt much more than he expected. ADJECTIVES describe nouns and specify size, colour, number, and so on. This is called modifying. examples: A small light showed in the upper window of the old factory. ARTICLES introduce nouns and are sometimes classified as adjectives. There are only three articles in the English language: a, an, and the. examples: The taxi screeched to a stop. PREPOSITIONS show how a noun or pronoun is related to another word in a sentence. Note: Prepositions can also be used as adverbs. examples: Preposition: I fell down the stairs. Adverb: I fell down. CONJUNCTIONS join words, phrases, or clauses. Coordinating conjunctions connect elements of the same value. example: Take the cookie and eat it. Subordinating conjunctions join a main clause and a dependent (subordinate) clause. example: The cookie is overdone because the timer was slow. INTERJECTIONS are also known as exclamations and are indicated by the use of the exclamation mark (!). example: Wow! Look at that horse go! • I before E, except after C—or when sounded as A, as in neighing and weigh. • Final consonants are not doubled when the word ends in more than one consonant. examples: conform conformed conforming help helped helping • When words end in soft ce or ge, keep the e before able and ous. examples: advantageous changeable chargeable courageous enforceable manageable noticeable outrageous peaceable • When verbs end in ie, change the ending to y before adding ing. examples: die dying (died) lie lying (lied) tie tying (tied) Spelling Rules R–6 RESOURCE PAGES
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy ODA5Mw==