WELLNESS Welcome to THE Copyright © 2023 PiQ Potential All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form without the written permission of the publisher. Website: www.PiQpotential.ca E-mail: yourvoice@PiQpotential.ca Printed on recyclable paper PL-WPME-8B-00-CA23_pp ISBN: 978-1-990714-07-8 PROJECT ! Get to Know Your Planner............................................................ 2 Ways Planning Supports Your Mental Wellness....................... 3 August: MENTAL WELLNESS . ........................................................ 4 September: SELF-CARE.............................................................. 12 October: GROWTH MINDSET .......................................................24 November: STRESS......................................................................36 December: EMOTIONS.................................................................5O January: PURPOSE......................................................................62 February: RELATIONSHIPS.......................................................... 74 March: RESILIENCE.......................................................................88 April: PHYSICAL HEALTH............................................................1OO May: AUTHENTICITY................................................................... 112 June: DIGITAL WELLNESS. ......................................................... 126 July: HOPE.................................................................................. 138 Self-Care Checklist................................................................... 144 Resource Pages: Language Arts, Math, Science, and More............................. R–1 T HE WEL L NESS PROJE C T We are the greatest projects we’ll ever work on. So, let’s spend this year caring for ourselves and prioritizing our mental wellness.
TI P : Setting goals helps you have a growth mindset. TI P : Staying organized reduces stress. TI P : Journalling is a good way to care for your mental health. Get to Know Your Planner n Write down homework, projects, and tests. n Jot down materials you need to bring home. n Show your family your planner and get support. n Monitor habits that support your mental wellness. n Set long-term goals and check off days you work on them. n Record important dates to give a big-picture view of the month. n Check off tasks that are complete. Learn & Ref lect Pages Record day-to-day tasks to stay organized and in control of your learning. Learn ways to take care of your mental wellness. Try the activities. Practise what you’re learning about mental wellness. Weekly Calendar Pages Activity & Calendar Pages 2
It’s Mindful Planners help you focus. They give you the mental and physical space—away from the distractions of your phone—to create meaningful plans. It Fights Anxiety If you feel anxious about tests or big projects, use your planner! Breaking tasks into steps is a strategy that helps you move forward and feel in control. It Reframes Thoughts When you record a task in your planner, completing it becomes a goal. Each time you cross off a task, you reach a goal, helping you feel confident, competent, and in control. It Reduces Stress Feel overwhelmed when assignments pile up? Planning reduces stress by helping you create to-do lists, identify priorities, and break down big tasks. It Helps You Have a Growth Mindset Time management is an important life skill. Using a planner helps you track how you’re using your time and adjust your methods to make them stronger. It Enables Support There are times you’ll need help with school. Maybe it’ll be getting organized, managing your work, or getting extra help with homework. When you use a planner, your family can see where you are and jump in to help. How a Planner Supports Your Mental Wellness 3
March/mars 2024 RESILIENCE A tree becomes rooted and sturdy when it faces harsh elements, like wind. Why? The hardship forces it to tighten its grip and plant itself securely. Like a tree, going through challenges in life can help make us stronger. DEEPLY ROOTEd disappointments determination mistakes patience problems courage loss empathy difficulties self-confidence 88
T HE WEL L NESS PROJEC T Which character traits do you have or want to grow to have strong, deep roots? Grow roots to withstand tough times by celebrating: Challenges you’ve overcome Times you’ve gotten up after falling Ways you’ve persevered Fears you’ve faced 89
LONG-TERM PROJECT PLANNING: LIST YOUR PROJECT STEPS: DUE DATE March/mars 2024 RESILIENCE Everyone’s challenges in life are different. List some of yours and the roots that keep you strong. YOUR KNOW ROOTS Your roots include anything—traits, people, pets, talents—that keep you strong. Don’t feel comfortable writing down your storms? That’s ok! Think them instead. Storms I’ve Faced My Strong Roots 90
MONTHLY GOAL: Monday lundi Tuesday mardi Wednesday mercredi Thursday jeudi Friday vendredi Saturday samedi Sunday dimanche A monthly goal is a long-term goal. Check the calendar box each day you work on it. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Easter Daylight Saving Time begins Ramadan begins (sundown) Saint Patrick’s Day Good Friday Plan Mindfully Big projects can be challenging. Try breaking them into steps. Hard tasks are more manageable when we work on them one piece at a time. connect You don’t have to endure hard things alone. Ask an adult you trust or family member for help. 91
Monday/lundi S M T W T F S DAY Wednesday/mercredi DAY Tuesday/mardi DAY Initials Initials Initials F/T Comments Materials to Bring Home Materials to Bring Home F/T Comments F/T Comments Materials to Bring Home GOALS AND TO-DO’S 4 5 6 March mars 2024 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 30 Have you ever given up because you thought you couldn’t do something? 92
Saturday/samedi Sunday/dimanche Thursday/jeudi DAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY Weekly Check Friday/vendredi DAY Initials Initials F/T Comments Materials to Bring Home F/T Comments Materials to Bring Home Goals to Grow Using the planner’s monthly and weekly goals spaces helps us develop traits like determination. Try setting goals to help grow deep roots! 7 8 9 10 Daylight Saving Time begins Ramadan begins (sundown) KEEP GROWINg. T HE WE L LNESS PROJEC T 93
Monday/lundi S M T W T F S DAY Wednesday/mercredi DAY Tuesday/mardi DAY Initials Initials Initials F/T Comments Materials to Bring Home Materials to Bring Home F/T Comments F/T Comments Materials to Bring Home GOALS AND TO-DO’S 11 12 13 March mars 2024 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 30 What’s a challenge you’ve overcome recently? 94
Saturday/samedi Sunday/dimanche Thursday/jeudi DAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY Weekly Check Friday/vendredi DAY Initials Initials F/T Comments Materials to Bring Home F/T Comments Materials to Bring Home 14 15 16 17 Saint Patrick’s Day Did You Know? An experiment showed trees that grew without wind would topple over when they got big. They needed the wind to develop deep, sturdy roots. BREAk. BEND, DON’T 95
Monday/lundi S M T W T F S DAY Wednesday/mercredi DAY Tuesday/mardi DAY Initials Initials Initials F/T Comments Materials to Bring Home Materials to Bring Home F/T Comments F/T Comments Materials to Bring Home GOALS AND TO-DO’S 18 19 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 30 Do you need extra help or support with any subjects at school? March mars 2024 96
Saturday/samedi Sunday/dimanche Thursday/jeudi DAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY Weekly Check Friday/vendredi DAY Initials Initials F/T Comments Materials to Bring Home F/T Comments Materials to Bring Home 21 22 23 24 YOu CAn. BELIEVE THAT Super Strategy If we fall behind at school our teacher, a school counsellor, or an adult we trust can help. It’s not our fault and we’re not alone. 97
Monday/lundi S M T W T F S DAY Wednesday/mercredi DAY Tuesday/mardi DAY Initials Initials Initials F/T Comments Materials to Bring Home Materials to Bring Home F/T Comments F/T Comments Materials to Bring Home GOALS AND TO-DO’S 25 26 27 March mars 2024 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 30 Which people help you the most? 98
Saturday/samedi Sunday/dimanche Thursday/jeudi DAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY SUNDAY Weekly Check Friday/vendredi DAY Initials Initials F/T Comments Materials to Bring Home F/T Comments Materials to Bring Home 28 29 Good Friday 30 31 Easter TOGETHEr. WE’RE STRONGER Weather It Together Our friends go through storms too. We can be part of their root system by cheering them on, listening, or letting them know we’re there to help. 99
Study Skills LISTENING • Concentrate on your teacher. • Tune out noise and talking. • Listen for the main ideas. • Focus on the 5Ws and 1H: Who? What? When? Where? Why? How? REMEMBERING • After school, quickly review your notes. • Highlight important notes or add explanations. • Apply what you’re learning as soon as possible. • Study with a friend; answer each other’s questions. TAKING NOTES • Don’t write down everything. • Record the main ideas and supporting facts. • Use your own words. • Keep your notes organized. Outlining I. Main idea or topic sentence A. Major point of the topic 1. Subpoint of the topic a. Detail WORK SPACE • Find a quiet space to study. • Keep your workplace clean and uncluttered. • Make sure you have good lighting, a straight chair, and fresh air. Test Tips GET READY • Find out what kind of test you will be taking (e.g., multiple choice or essay questions). • Set up a study schedule to review everything well before the test. • Write out likely test questions and answer them. • Get enough rest the night before. • Wear comfortable clothing. • Bring all the necessary tools: pens, pencils, erasers, calculator, highlighter, etc. GET SET • Don’t start writing as soon as you get the test. • Read the instructions for each section first. Ask your teacher to explain any that are not clear. • Highlight key words, such as discuss, compare, and list. • Estimate how much time you have to answer questions. GO! • Answer easier questions first. • Read questions thoroughly. • Never rush through questions; be calm and pace yourself. • Try to leave some time before the test is over to review your work and correct errors. • If you run out of time on a certain question, leave some room and return to it later. Multiple Choice • Before looking at the possible answers, try to form the answer in your mind. • Don’t change an answer that comes to mind unless you’re absolutely sure it’s wrong. Essay Questions • Always write answers in paragraph form unless a list is specifically requested. • Answer essay questions this way: 1) B egin with a topic sentence that includes the key words of the question. 2) S upport your position with specific examples and detailed information. 3) C onclude by briefly summing up your answer. TIP When you’re well prepared, you experience less stress. TIP Listen 80 per cent of the time, and write 20 per cent of the time. TIP Schedule short, frequent study sessions. This often works better than one long cram session! TIP Study DON'Ts include TV, radio, noise/distractions, bed, hunger, and sleepiness. RESOURCE PAGES R–2
Protect Yourself Online COMPUTER VIRUSES Computer viruses can damage your hard drive or digital devices. They can also jeopardize your personal information, files, and software. Viruses harm your computer when you run infected executable files. These files can pose as useful programs, pictures, e-cards, video clips, email attachments, or pop-up ads. Protect yourself by clicking with care. • Only visit sites you trust or know are safe. • Delete email attachments from people you don’t know. INFORMATION AND IDENTITY THEFT Thieves can use the personal information you provide online to steal your identity. Details such as your full name, birthdate, and social insurance number can be used to open accounts in your name. Additionally, some computer viruses allow thieves to hack into your computer to collect account, credit card, and PIN numbers as well as your passwords. Protect yourself by guarding your privacy. • Never send sensitive information over unsecured wireless networks. • Don’t share personal information (e.g., full name and birthdate) online. • Keep your antivirus software up to date. ONLINE PERSONAL SAFETY Some predators use social-networking sites and chat rooms to target young people. They might lie and manipulate to gain trust or form relationships. Protect yourself by forming safe online relationships. • Don’t form online friendships with people you don’t know. • Never agree to meet online-only friends in real life. • End chats or block people if you feel upset or uncomfortable. Cyberbullying COMMON FORMS OF CYBERBULLYING • Harassment: Continual, hurtful contact through phone calls or emails, instant or text messages, or posting of cruel messages on bulletin boards or social-networking sites. • Outing: Making someone’s private information public by posting it on social-networking sites, blogs, or chat rooms or by forwarding private photos to other people. • Gossip: Posting or passing along rumours about someone. • Impersonation: Pretending to be someone else in chat rooms or on social-networking sites to post messages that can make that person look bad. • Flaming: Fighting online using offensive or threatening language. Protect yourself by knowing how to respond to bullying. • B lock cyberbullies to prevent them from contacting you. • Report cyberbullying to trusted adults and your Internet Service Provider (ISP). Break the cycle of cyberbullying. • Use netiquette online by being respectful, courteous, and truthful in your posts, email, and text messages. • Refuse to forward mean or threatening messages or embarrassing pictures. Cyberbullying uses technology to hurt, harass, or humiliate others. It’s a common form of bullying because it’s quick, can be anonymous, and allows bullies to reach their targets at any time of the day or night. RESOURCE PAGES R–3
Parts of Speech NOUNS Common nouns refer to any place, person, thing, or idea. examples: woman, country Proper nouns refer to any particular place, person, thing, or idea. examples: Greta, Norway PRONOUNS take the place of a noun. Nominative case is used for the subject of a sentence or clause. example: He went to bed. Possessive case shows ownership. example: The waterbed is his. Objective case receives action or is after a preposition. example: They sold him a leaky waterbed. VERBS show action or state of being and the time of that action or state. examples: Past: She waited in the car. Present: She needs gas now. Future: She will enjoy her trip. ADVERBS describe verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs and specify in what manner, when, where, or how much. examples: He whimpered miserably as the doctor injected the antidote. It hurt much more than he expected. • I before E, except after C—or when sounded as A, as in neighing and weigh. • Final consonants are not doubled when the word ends in more than one consonant. examples: conform conformed conforming help helped helping • When words end in soft ce or ge, keep the e before able and ous. examples: advantageous changeable chargeable courageous enforceable manageable noticeable outrageous peaceable • When verbs end in ie, change the ending to y before adding ing. examples: die dying (died) lie lying (lied) tie tying (tied) Spelling Rules ADJECTIVES describe nouns and specify size, colour, number, and so on. This is called modifying. examples: A small light showed in the upper window of the old factory. ARTICLES introduce nouns and are sometimes classified as adjectives. There are only three articles in the English language: a, an, and the. examples: The taxi screeched to a stop. PREPOSITIONS show how a noun or pronoun is related to another word in a sentence. Note: Prepositions can also be used as adverbs. examples: Preposition: I fell down the stairs. Adverb: I fell down. CONJUNCTIONS join words, phrases, or clauses. Coordinating conjunctions connect elements of the same value. example: Take the cookie and eat it. Subordinating conjunctions join a main clause and a dependent (subordinate) clause. example: The cookie is overdone because the timer was slow. INTERJECTIONS are also known as exclamations and are indicated by the use of the exclamation mark (!). example: Wow! Look at that horse go! RESOURCE PAGES R–4
. Drop the final e before a suffix beginning with a vowel. example: love + ing = loving exceptions: canoe + ing = canoeing hoe + ing = hoeing Keep the final e before a suffix beginning with a consonant. example: care + ful = careful exceptions: true + ly = truly argue + ment = argument Final consonants might or might not be doubled when the accent is thrown forward. Canadian and British usage is to double the final consonant; the American tendency is not to double it. examples: benefit benefitting or benefiting benefitted or benefited cancel cancelling or canceling cancelled or canceled travel travelling or traveling travelled or traveled PERIOD Put a period at the end of a: • Declarative sentence example: Rain is wet. • Indirect question example: She wondered what was wrong. COMMA Use a comma to separate words or phrases in a series. example: Her hobbies were reading, watching old movies, driving, and running. SEMICOLON Use a semicolon between clauses in a compound sentence when the conjunction is omitted or when the connection is close. example: The statistical evidence is there; it cannot be denied. COLON Use a colon to: • Begin a list example: He studied three subjects: biology, chemistry, and English. • Formally introduce a statement example: She stated: “I never saw the new contract.” Punctuation , ; : “” ’ — ? ! QUOTATION MARKS Use double quotation marks around a direct quotation. example: He said, “Go away.” Do not use quotation marks for indirect statements. example: She said she was happy. APOSTROPHE Use an apostrophe for: • Contractions example: It’s all right. • The possessive case of a noun example: That is Bart’s dog. EM DASH Use em dashes to set off intensifying or explanatory parts of a sentence. example: My cats—Leo, Theo, and Marv— enjoy racing through the house at midnight. QUESTION MARK Use a question mark for questions. example: What on earth do you mean? EXCLAMATION MARK Express strong feeling with an exclamation mark. example: That’s funny! RESOURCE PAGES R–5
COMPONENTS Most print periodical entries (e.g., newspapers, magazines, and journals) will include the author’s name, article’s title in quotation marks, periodical’s name in italics, number or name of series, volume number, issue number, date of publication, relevant page numbers, and publication medium. Most print nonperiodical entries (e.g., books and pamphlets) will include the name of the author, editor, translator, or compiler; work’s title in italics; edition used; number of volumes; city of publication; publisher’s name, shortened according to MLA’s guidelines (7.5); year of publication; and publication medium. Most web publication entries will include the name of the author, editor, compiler, narrator, translator, or performer; work’s title in italics if it’s independent, or in quotation marks if it’s part of another work; website title in italics; version or edition; city of publication; website’s publisher or sponsor; date of publication; publication medium; and date accessed. SAMPLE ENTRIES A book with one author Leung, Mary. Purcell: The English Orpheus. London: Heinemann, 2006. Print. A book with two or three authors Avandez, Diana, and Andrew Janowicz. Art Deco. Acadie: Moncton, 2004. Print. Burney, Chuck, Tyler Capriotti, and Ann Kovak. A History of Aviation. Toronto: Doubleday, 2009. Print. A book with more than three authors may list all authors or use “et al.” Silverstein, Gordon, et al. The Eleusinian Mysteries. New York: Penguin, 2004. Print. A book with an editor that does not name an author listed on the title page Faber, K. R., ed. Shakespeare’s Great Tragedies: Critical Essays. London: Oxford UP, 2000. Print. An article in a newspaper Kurozumi, T. “How the West Was Won.” The Calgary Herald 14 June 2009: F3. Print. An article in a magazine Wheatley, Meaghan. “Swans in Danger.” Wide World Mar. 2001: 18–21. Print. An entry in an encyclopedia “Theseus.” Encyclopedia of Myth and Legend. 2000 ed. Print. A work without print publication; data accessed online Eng, C. “The Missing Shoe.” Kids’ Lit Online. Premier Publications, 11 Jan. 2006. Web. 25 Apr. 2006. A work with print publication; data accessed online Chekhov, Anton. The Sea-Gull. Fairfield: 1st World Library, 2004. Google Books Search. Web. 20 June 2011. References Your Works Cited page should have a separate entry for every book, website, article, and other source you use. List the entries alphabetically by each one’s first word. TIP There are different citation styles; your teacher might give you guidelines for a different style. The examples on this page are based on MLA (Modern Language Association) style, which is commonly used for academic writing in the humanities (literature, philosophy, art, and classical studies). RESOURCE PAGES R–6
1. TOPIC Choose what you will write about. Your topic should be clear and well defined. 2. RESEARCH Gather facts to support your statements or opinions. 3. FORMAT The requirements for writing a letter, essay, speech, or journal entry are different. Make sure you follow the requirements of the format you are using. 4. PURPOSE Your purpose will focus your writing. Are you writing to inform, entertain, instruct, or persuade your audience? 5. AUDIENCE Your choice of words and writing style should be shaped by your audience. Are you writing for your peers, younger children, or adults? 6. OUTLINE Write a clear thesis (topic) statement. Then write your subtopics in a logical order that leads to a conclusion. (See Outlining, page R–2.) The Writing Process These steps are part of the writing process. PLOT The main events in a story put in a particular order THEME The subject, topic, or recurring idea SETTING The time period(s) and location(s) in the story CHARACTERS The people or participants in the story MOOD The overall tone or feeling; the atmosphere and imagery VOICE/STYLE The unique way a writer tells his or her story FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE The use of figures of speech or word images, such as: • Metaphor: A figurative comparison of two things without using “like” or “as” • Simile: A figurative comparison of two things using “like” or “as” • Personification: The giving of human qualities to nonhuman things • Hyperbole: The use of exaggeration for effect Literary Elements Essential features of a piece of writing Literary elements vary depending on the format and genre of a piece of writing. They include but are not limited to: 7. POINT OF VIEW Determine the point of view (e.g., I, he/she, etc.) from which you will write. Your understanding of a topic might increase when you consider different points of view. 8. ROUGH DRAFT Write a rough draft that follows your outline, keeping your audience and point of view in mind. Each paragraph should deal with one main idea only. Your composition should follow a logical order to a conclusion. 9. EDIT AND REVISE Check your work for clarity and for spelling, punctuation, and formatting errors. Revise the content if necessary. Then proofread carefully. 10. SOURCES Cite a source for each quote, fact, and idea used that is not your own. DO NOT PLAGIARIZE. Use footnotes and/or a bibliography or Works Cited page. (See page R–6.) 11. FINAL DRAFT Prepare a neat final copy for submission. Be proud of your work! TIP Many of these steps apply to other projects as well, such as oral or PowerPoint presentations. RESOURCE PAGES R–7
Communication Inputs: Reading, listening, viewing MAKING SENSE OF WHAT YOU READ, HEAR, AND SEE Improve your understanding. A good reader/listener/viewer pays attention to: 1. What is presented: • understand it. • connect it to what you already know. 2. How it is presented: • recognize purpose, tone, and possible bias. Literary elements to look for: form, voice, theme/plot, characterization, imagery, and figurative language. (See page R–7.) MAKING SENSE OF WORDS (VOCABULARY) You hear a new word. What does it mean? Attack strategies: a. Find out the meaning from the context. b. Break the code (decode it). What is its root word? Does it have a prefix or suffix? c. Check for it in a dictionary, or find words with a similar meaning in a thesaurus. MAKING SENSE OF THE BIG PICTURE Use the proven SQ4R method: S = Survey the chapter: Skim over it; pay attention to headings and organization. Q = Question: Check section headings and any questions provided at the end. What do you already know about this topic? What will you be learning? R = Read: Pay attention to words, diagrams, maps, pictures, and captions. Reread them if necessary. R = Recite: Summarize each paragraph or section in your own words. R = Relate: Link the new information to what you already know. R = Review: Quiz yourself; check your notes. Outputs: Writing, speaking, other presentations Follow these basic steps to make a great presentation every time! 1. PLAN IT Brainstorm about your topic; clearly define it. Map ideas, research, and make the topic interesting to yourself and your audience. Think about the 5Ws/1H: who, what, when, where, why, and how. Being well prepared will make everything else easier! 2. DRAFT IT Make a blueprint of what you will present and what your message will be. Decide on your point of view and how you intend to get it across. Prepare an outline with subtopics. Remember the three basic parts: introduction, main body, and conclusion. 3. CREATE IT Write your first draft based on your outline. Remember, be original; don’t copy what others have produced. 4. IMPROVE IT Take the time to revise and edit. Ask others for their feedback. If your teacher has provided a rubric, check that you’ve covered all the requirements. Check your work for spelling, grammar, and formatting. 5. PUBLISH IT Share what you’ve created! If you need to show or cite sources, make sure to check out the information on page R–6. ✔ RESOURCE PAGES R–8
Mathematics and Units of Measurement 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 3 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 48 51 54 57 60 4 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 5 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 6 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108 114 120 7 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84 91 98 105 112 119 126 133 140 8 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 104 112 120 128 136 144 152 160 9 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 99 108 117 126 135 144 153 162 171 180 10 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 11 11 22 33 44 55 66 77 88 99 110 121 132 143 154 165 176 187 198 209 220 12 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 132 144 156 168 180 192 204 216 228 240 MULTIPLICATION CHART NUMBER NOTATION The decimal number system uses base 10. Place value: 123,456,789.012 MILLIONS THOUSANDS ONES Each section shows hundreds, tens, and ones. Expanded notation: 6,824 = 6 x 103 + 8 x 102 + 2 x 101 + 4 x 100 Scientific notation: 6,800 = 6.8 x 103 Symbols ORDER OF OPERATIONS P Do operations within parentheses ( ) and other grouping symbols. E Do exponents 2 and roots . MD Do multiplication x and division ÷ in order from left to right. AS Do addition + and subtraction – in order from left to right. FRACTIONS, DECIMALS, PERCENTAGES 3 – numerator _ 5 – denominator To add or subtract fractions, first obtain a common denominator: 1 2 5 6 11 --- + --- = --- + --- = -- 3 5 15 15 15 To multiply: 1 2 1 x 2 2 --- x --- = --------- = --- 3 5 3 x 5 15 To divide, multiply the first fraction by the reciprocal of the second fraction: 2 1 2 6 12 =4 --- ÷ --- = --- x --- = ---- 3 6 3 1 3 1 = 1.0 = 100% 3/4 = 0.75 = 75% 2/3 = 0.6– = 66.6– % 1/2 = 0.5 = 50% 1/3 = 0.3– = 33.3– % 1/4 = 0.25 = 25% 1/5 = 0.2 = 20% 1/6 = 0.16– = 16.6– % 1/8 = 0.125 = 12.5% 1/9 = 0.1– = 11.1– % 1/10 = 0.1 = 10% 1/12 = 0.083– = 8.3– % COMMON UNITS used with the International System Length 1 millimetre (mm) = 0.04 inches (in.) 1 metre (m) = 39.4 inches = 3.3 feet (ft.) = 1.1 yards (yd.) 1 kilometre (km) = 1093.6 yards (yd.) = 0.6 miles (mi.) Capacity 1 tablespoon (Tbsp.) = 3 teaspoons (tsp.) 1 cup (c.) = 8 fl. oz. = 236.59 mL 1 pint (pt.) = 2 c. = 473.18 mL 1 quart (qt.) = 2 pt. = 4 c. = 32 fl. oz. = 946.35 mL 1 gallon (gal.) = 3.7854 L Area 1 ft.2 = 144 in.2 1 yd.2 = 9 ft.2 1 acre = 4 840 yd.2 1 m2 = 10,000 cm2 1 hectare (ha) = 10,000 m2 1 km2 = 100 ha Mass 1 pound (lb.) = 16 ounces (oz.) 1 ton, UK (tn.) = 2,240 lbs. 1 kg = 1,000 g 1 tonne (t) = 1,000 kg Length/Area to go from to multiply by cm → in. 0.39 in. → cm 2.54 m → ft. 3.28 ft. → m 0.30 km → mi. 0.62 mi. → km 1.61 m2 → ft.2 10.76 ft.2 → m2 0.09 km2 → mi.2 0.39 mi.2 → km2 2.59 Weight/Capacity to go from to multiply by g → oz. 0.0353 oz. → g 28.35 kg → lbs. 2.2046 lbs. → kg 0.4536 t → tn. 0.9842 tn. → t 1.0161 mL → fl. oz. 0.0338 fl. oz. → mL 29.574 L → US gal. 0.2642 US gal. → L 3.785 TEMPERATURE °C = 5/9 (°F - 32) °F = 9/5 °C + 32 SQUARES AND SQUARE ROOTS Is less than Is greater than Is equal to Is approximate to Is less than or equal to Is greater than or equal to n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 20 25 100 1/2 1/4 n2 1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81 100 144 225 400 625 10,000 1/4 1/16 n 1 1.414 1.732 2 2.236 2.449 2.646 2.828 3 3.162 3.464 3.873 4.472 5 10 0.707 1/2 MEASUREMENTS AND CONVERSIONS 1,000 100 10 1 .1 .01 .001 KILO HECTO DECA DECI CENTI MILLI km hm dam m dm cm mm kg hg dag g dg cg mg kL hL daL L dL cL mL TENTHS HUNDREDTHS THOUSANDTHS MEASUREMENT.........ABBREV.....RELATION metre.. . . . . . . . . . . . m.. . . length hectare.. . . . . . . . . . ha.. . . area kelvin.. . . . . . . . . . . . . K. . . . thermodynamic temp. kilogram. . . . . . . . . kg.. . . mass litre. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L. . . . volume or capacity second. . . . . . . . . . . . s.. . . . time hertz.. . . . . . . . . . . . . Hz.. . . frequency degree Celsius.. . ˚C.. . . temperature joule.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . J.. . . . energy, work pascal. . . . . . . . . . . . Pa.. . . pressure, stress newton.. . . . . . . . . . N. . . . force watt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . W.. . . power, radiant flux ampere.. . . . . . . . . . .A. . . . electric current volt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V. . . . electric potential RESOURCE PAGES R–9
Scalene triangle 0 congruent sides. b h Right triangle 1 right angle. The side opposite the right angle is called the hypotenuse. b h Area = 1/2 bh Isosceles triangle 2 congruent sides. b h Equilateral triangle 3 congruent sides. b h Pythagorean theorem a2 + b2 = c2 b c a Congruency cases Angle, Side, Angle Side, Angle, Side Side, Side, Side Hypotenuse Leg b1 b b Square Area = b2 Perimeter = 4b Rectangle Area = ab Perimeter = 2(a + b) Parallelogram Area = bh Perimeter = 2(a + b) Trapezoid Area = 1 2 (b1 + b2 )h Perimeter = a + b1 + b2 + c b2 a c h b a Rhombus Area = 1 2 d1 d2 Perimeter = 4b b h a d2 d1 Pentagon 5 sides Hexagon 6 sides Heptagon 7 sides Decagon 10 sides Octagon 8 sides Sum of Interior Angles = 180 (n-2). (n = number of angles) Perpendicular lines Line segment Transversal line Ray Line of symmetry Line Parallel lines Reflex angle 180˚ < m x < 360˚ Obtuse angle 90˚ < m x < 180˚ x Straight angle m x = 180˚ x Right angle m x = 90˚ x x Complementary add up to 90˚ Acute angle m x < 90˚ x Supplementary add up to 180˚ ANGLES QUADRILATERALS REGULAR POLYGONS SUM OF INTERIOR ANGLES FOR ANY POLYGON = 180 (N – 2). (N = NUMBER OF ANGLES) Scalene triangle 0 congruent sides Scalene triangle 0 congruent sides. b h Right triangle 1 right angle. The side pposite the right angle is called t e hypotenuse. b h Area = 1/2 bh I osceles triangle 2 congruent sides. b h Equilateral triangle 3 congruent sides. b h Pythagorean theorem a2 + b2 = c2 b c a Congruen y ca es Angle, Side, Angle Side, Angle, Side Side, Side, Side Hypotenuse Leg Scalene triangle 0 congruent sides. b h Righ t iang e 1 right angle. The side opposite the right angle is called the hypotenuse. b h Area = 1/2 bh Isosce es triangle 2 congruent sid s. b h Equilatera triangle 3 congruent sides. b h Pythagorean theorem a2 + b2 = c2 b c a Congruency cases Angle, Side, Angle Side, Angle, Side Side, Side, Side Hypotenuse Leg Sca e e a g ng u si Righ a gle igh a gle s s i h ang e is a l h sos e t ia gle con r s d s. E uila e al t ia g e uent si Py hago ean heo e o g ue cy ca e gl Si gl Si gl Si Si Si Si Scalene t i ngle 0 congruent sides. b h Right riangle 1 right angle. The side op osite the right angle is called the hypotenuse. b h Area = 1/2 bh Isosceles triangle 2 congruent sides. b h Equilateral triangle 3 congruent sides. b h Pythagorean theorem a2 + b2 = c2 b c a Congruency cases Angle, Side, Angle Side, Angle, Side Side, Side, Side Hypotenuse Leg SOLIDS s s s Cube Volume = s3 Surface area = 6s2 l w h Pyramid Volume = 1/3· lwh r Sphere Volume = 4/3• r3 Surface area = 4 r2 r h Cylinder Volume = r2h Surface area = 2 rh + 2 r2 l w h Rectangular prism Volume = lwh Surface area = 2wl + 2wh + 2hl r h Cone Volume = 1/3· r2h Surface area = r2+ r r 2+ h2 Volume = B 3 B = area of base s s s Cube Volume = s3 Surface area = 6s2 l w h Pyramid Volume = 1/3· lwh r Sphere Volume = 4/3• r3 Surface area = 4 r2 r h Cylinder Volume = r2h Surface area = 2 rh + 2 r2 l w h Rectangular prism Volume = lwh Surface area = 2wl + 2wh + 2hl r h Cone Volume = 1/3· r2h Surface area = r2+ r r 2+ h2 OR TRIANGLES AREA = BH 2 Geometry i h ngle h e. t the right angle i c ll d t e t s . Equilat a le 3 congr t si s Is s triangl 2 u d s Pyt eor m a2 + 2 Circumference = 2 r Area = r2 approximates 3.14159 or 3 1/7 Arc C = center d = diameter r = radius s = secant t = tangent c = chord s d r C c t x a b C A B x y C y x C Semicircle Circle theorems m x = 90˚ if and only if ab is the diameter m x = m y if both angles are subtended on the same arc, AB 2m x = m y C c Circumference = 2 r Area = r2 approximates 3.14159 or 3 1/7 Arc C center d = diameter r radius s secant t tangent c = chord s d r C c t x a b C A B x y C y x C Semicircle Circle theorems m x = 90˚ if and only if ab is the diameter m x = m y if both angles are subtended on the same arc, AB 2m x = m y CIRCLES RESOURCE PAGES R–10
Algebra Periodic Table of the Elements EXPANDING a (b + c) = ab + ac (a – b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2 (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 (a + b) (c + d) = ac + ad + bc + bd (a + b)3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3 (a – b)3 = a3 – 3a2b + 3ab2 – b3 FACTORING a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b) a3b – ab = ab (a + 1) (a – 1) a2 + 2ab + b2 = (a + b)2 a3 + b3 = (a + b) (a2 – ab + b2) a2 – 2ab + b2 = (a – b)2 a3 – b3 = (a – b) (a2 + ab + b2) ROOTS OF A QUADRATIC The solution for a quadratic equation in the form of ax2 + bx + c = 0 can be found by using the quadratic formula: x-axis y-axis quadrant -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 (4,3) (4,-3) (-4,-3) (-4,3) THE COORDINATE PLANE Commutative property of addition a + b = b + a Commutative property of multiplication ab = ba Associative property of addition a + (b + c) = (a + b) + c Associative property of multiplication a(bc) = (ab)c Distributive property of multiplication over addition a(b + c) = ab + ac Distributive property of multiplication over subtraction a(b – c) = ab – ac PROPERTIES OF ADDITION AND MULTIPLICATION x = –b + b2 – 4ac =+++++++++++ 2a x-axis -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 3 2 1 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 (4,-3) (-4,-3) a– p = 1 (a 0) ap 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 apaq = ap+q ap aq = ap–q a0 = 1 (a 0) (ap)q = apq (ab)p = apbp a p = q ap q =+++ If a, b e R, a, b 0 and p, q e Q, then: LAW OF EXPONENTS a p= ap (b 0) (b) bp (a 0) RESOURCE PAGES R–11
AUSTRAL IA & OCEANIA Australia • Canberra Fiji • Suva Kiribati • Tarawa Marshall Islands • Majuro Micronesia • Palikir Nauru • Yaren New Zealand • Wellington Palau • Melekeok Papua New Guinea • Port Moresby Samoa • Apia Solomon Islands • Honiara Tonga • Nuku’alofa Tuvalu • Funafuti Vanuatu • Port-Vila NORTH AMERICA Antigua & Barbuda • St. John’s Bahamas • Nassau Barbados • Bridgetown Belize • Belmopan Bermuda • Hamilton Canada • Ottawa Costa Rica • San Jose Cuba • Havana Dominica • Roseau Dominican Republic • Santo Domingo El Salvador • San Salvador Grenada • St. George’s Guatemala • Guatemala City Haiti • Port-au-Prince Honduras • Tegucigalpa Jamaica • Kingston Mexico • Mexico City Nicaragua • Managua Panama • Panama City Puerto Rico (USA) • San Juan St. Kitts & Nevis • Basseterre St. Lucia • Castries St.Vincent & the Grenadines • Kingstown Trinidad &Tobago • Port-of-Spain USA • Washington,D.C. SOUTH AMERICA Argentina • Buenos Aires Bolivia • La Paz and Sucre Brazil • Brasilia Chile • Santiago Colombia • Bogota Ecuador • Quito Guyana • Georgetown Paraguay • Asuncion Peru • Lima Suriname • Paramaribo Uruguay • Montevideo Venezuela • Caracas EUROPE Albania • Tirana Andorra • Andorra la Vella Austria • Vienna Belarus • Minsk Belgium • Brussels Bosnia & Herzegovina • Sarajevo Bulgaria • Sofia Croatia • Zagreb Czech Republic • Prague Denmark • Copenhagen Estonia • Tallinn Finland • Helsinki France • Paris Germany • Berlin Greece • Athens Hungary • Budapest Iceland • Reykjavik Ireland • Dublin Italy • Rome Kosovo • Pristina Latvia • Riga Liechtenstein • Vaduz Lithuania • Vilnius Luxembourg • Luxembourg Macedonia (FYROM) • Skopje Malta • Valletta Moldova • Chisinau Monaco • Monaco Montenegro • Podgorica Netherlands • Amsterdam Norway • Oslo Poland • Warsaw Portugal • Lisbon Romania • Bucharest Russia • Moscow San Marino • San Marino Serbia • Belgrade Slovakia • Bratislava Slovenia • Ljubljana Spain • Madrid Sweden • Stockholm Switzerland • Bern Turkey • Ankara Ukraine • Kiev United Kingdom • London Vatican City • Vatican City AFRICA Algeria • Algiers Angola • Luanda Benin • Porto-Novo Botswana • Gaborone Burkina Faso • Ouagadougou Burundi • Bujumbura Cameroon • Yaounde CapeVerde • Praia Central African Republic • Bangui Chad • N’Djamena Comoros • Moroni Democratic Republic of Congo • Kinshasa Djibouti • Djibouti Egypt • Cairo Equatorial Guinea • Malabo Eritrea • Asmara Ethiopia • Addis Ababa Gabon • Libreville Gambia • Banjul Ghana • Accra Guinea • Conakry Guinea-Bissau • Bissau Ivory Coast • Yamoussoukro Kenya • Nairobi Lesotho • Maseru Liberia • Monrovia Libya • Tripoli Madagascar • Antananarivo Malawi • Lilongwe Mali • Bamako Mauritania • Nouakchott Mauritius • Port Louis Morocco • Rabat Mozambique • Maputo Namibia • Windhoek Niger • Niamey Nigeria • Abuja Republic of the Congo • Brazzaville Rwanda • Kigali Sao Tome & Principe • Sao Tome Senegal • Dakar Seychelles • Victoria Sierra Leone • Freetown Somalia • Mogadishu South Africa • Pretoria South Sudan • Juba Sudan • Khartoum Swaziland • Mbabane Tanzania • Dodoma Togo • Lome Tunisia • Tunis Uganda • Kampala Zambia • Lusaka Zimbabwe • Harare ASIA Afghanistan • Kabul Armenia • Yerevan Azerbaijan • Baku Bahrain • Manama Bangladesh • Dhaka Bhutan • Thimphu Brunei • Bandar Seri Begawan Cambodia • Phnom Penh China • Beijing Cyprus • Nicosia East Timor • Dili Georgia • Tbilisi India • New Delhi Indonesia • Jakarta Iran • Tehran Iraq • Baghdad Israel • Jerusalem* Japan • Tokyo Jordan • Amman Kazakhstan • Astana Korea North • Pyongyang Korea South • Seoul Kuwait • Kuwait City Kyrgyzstan • Bishkek Laos • Vientiane Lebanon • Beirut Malaysia • Kuala Lumpur Maldives • Male Mongolia • Ulaanbaatar Myanmar • Naypyidaw Nepal • Kathmandu Oman • Muscat Pakistan • Islamabad Philippines • Manila Qatar • Doha Russia • Moscow Saudi Arabia • Riyadh Singapore • Singapore Sri Lanka • Colombo Syria • Damascus Taiwan • Taipei Tajikistan • Dushanbe Thailand • Bangkok Turkey • Ankara Turkmenistan • Ashgabat United Arab Emirates • Abu Dhabi Uzbekistan • Tashkent Vietnam • Hanoi Yemen • Sanaa ANTARCTICA World Map © 2016, Premier Based on Robinson Projection BERMUDA FRENCH GUIANA (France) SURINAME GUYANA EAST TIMOR SOLOMON ISLANDS THAILAND MYANMAR LAOS CAMBODIA NEPAL BHUTAN BANGLADESH KYRGYZSTAN TURKMENISTAN UZBEKISTAN ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN TAJIKISTAN GEORGIA AFGHANISTAN KUWAIT SYRIA QATAR BAHRAIN U.A.E. CYPRUS JORDAN ISRAEL LEBANON UGANDA DJIBOUTI MOZAMBIQUE MALAWI BOTSWANA SWAZILAND ZIMBABWE LESOTHO DEM. REPUBLIC OF CONGO GABON CEN. AF. REP. BURUNDI RWANDA CAM. REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO TOGO BENIN GHAN. GUIN. BURK. GAMBIA SEN. GUINEA BISSAU CAPE VERDE MALTA IVORY COAST UNITED STATES CANADA CUBA EL SALVADOR GUATEMALA BELIZE HONDURAS MEXICO PANAMA COSTA RICA ECUADOR COLOMBIA VENEZUELA BOLIVIA PERU BRAZIL PRIME MERIDIAN PRIME MERIDIAN TROPIC OF CANCER EQUATOR TROPIC OF CAPRICORN FIJI VANUATU TONGA SAMOA KIRIBATI NAURU TUVALU CHILE PARAGUAY ARGENTINA URUGUAY ICELAND GREENLAND (Denmark) FINLAND SWEDEN NORWAY UKRAINE PORTUGAL EGYPT LIBYA ETHIOPIA SUDAN SOUTH SUDAN ERITREA NIGERIA LIBERIA SAO TOME & PRINCIPE EQUATORIAL GUINEA NIGER CHAD ALGERIA TUNISIA MOROCCO MAURITANIA MALI SIERRA LEONE WESTERN SAHARA OMAN YEMEN KENYA SOMALIA TANZANIA MADAGASCAR MAURITIUS COMOROS SEYCHELLES NAMIBIA SOUTH AFRICA ANGOLA ZAMBIA IRAN TURKEY SAUDI ARABIA KAZAKHSTAN CHINA MONGOLIA RUSSIA INDIA PAKISTAN INDONESIA SINGAPORE MALAYSIA BRUNEI VIETNAM SRI LANKA MALDIVES PAPUA NEW GUINEA PHILIPPINES PALAU TAIWAN MICRONESIA MARSHALL ISLANDS NEW ZEALAND S. KOREA N. KOREA JAPAN IRAQ PAC I F I C OCEAN ARC T I C OCEAN ATLANT I C OCEAN I ND I AN OCEAN SOUTHERN OCEAN EUROPE NORTH AMERICA ANTARCTICA SOUTH AMERICA ASIA AFRICA OCEANIA AUSTRALIA 30˚ 30˚ 60˚ 90˚ 120˚ 150˚ 180˚ 60˚ 90˚ 120˚ 150˚ 30˚ 60˚ 30˚ 60˚ BAHAMAS JAMAICA NICARAGUA DOM.REP. HAITI DOMINICA BARBADOS ST. KITTS & NEVIS PUERTO RICO (USA) ANTIGUA & BARBUDA ST. LUCIA ST. VINCENT & THE GRENADINES GRENADA TRINIDAD & TOBAGO NETH. LUX. BEL. BELARUS MOL. LITH. SWITZ. ANDORRA MON. ITALY VAT. CITY GREECE ALB. AUS. CZECH SLOVE. LIEC. SAN MAR. MAC. BUL. MONT. BOS. CROATIA ROM. KOS. SERB. HUN. SLOVA. GERMANY DENMARK LATVIA ESTONIA UNITED KINGDOM SPAIN FRANCE POLAND IRELAND NOON MIDNIGHT Political Map of the World EUROPE FRENCH GUIANA (France) SURINAME GUYANA TIMOR LESTE THAILAND MYANMAR LAOS CAMBODIA NEPAL BHUTAN BANGLADESH KYRGYZSTAN TURKMENISTAN UZBEKISTAN ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN TAJIKISTAN GEORGIA AFGHANISTAN KUWAIT SYRIA QATAR BAHRAIN U.A.E. CYPRUS JORDAN ISRAEL LEBANON UGANDA DJIBOUTI MOZAMBIQUE MALAWI BOTSWANA SWAZILAND ZIMBABWE DEM. REPUBLIC OF CONGO GABON CEN AF REP. BURUNDI RWANDA CAM. CONGO TOGO BENIN GHAN. IVORY COAST GUIN. BURK. GAMBIA SEN. GUINEA BISSAU CAPE VERDE MALTA UNITED STATES CANADA CUBA EL SALVADOR UATEMALA BELIZE HONDURAS PANAMA COSTA RICA ECUADOR COLOMBIA VENEZUELA BOLIVIA PERU BRAZIL PRIME MERIDIAN PRIME MERIDIAN TROPIC OF CANCER EQUATOR TROPIC OF CAPRICORN CHILE PARAGUAY ICELAND GREENLAND (Denmark) FINLAND SWEDEN NORWAY UKRAINE PORTUGAL EGYPT LIBYA ETHIOPIA SUDAN ERITREA NIGERIA LIBERIA SAO TOME & PRINCIPE EQUATORIAL GUINEA NIGER CHAD ALGERIA TUNISIA MOROCCO MAURITANIA MALI SIERRA LEONE WESTERN SAHARA OMAN YEMEN KENYA SOMALIA TANZANIA MADAGASCAR MAURITIUS COMOROS SEYCHELLES NAMIBIA ANGOLA ZAMBIA IRAN TURKEY SAUDI ARABIA KAZAKHSTAN CHINA MONGOLIA RUSSIA INDIA PAKISTAN INDONESIA SINGAPORE MALAYSIA BRUNEI VIETNAM SRI LANKA MALDIVES PHILIPPINES PALAU TAIWAN MI AUSTRALIA S. KOREA N. KOREA JAPAN IRAQ ARCT IC OCEAN ATLANT IC OCEAN IND I AN OCEAN EUROPE ASIA AFRICA 30˚ 60˚ Bahamas Jamaica Nicaragua Dom. Rep. Haiti Dominica Barbados St. Kitts & Nevis Antigua & Barbuda St. Lucia St. Vincent & the Grenadines Grenada Trinidad & Tobago Neth. Lux. Bel. Belarus Mol. Lith. Russia Switz. Andorra Mon. Italy Vat. City Greece Alb. Aus. Czech Slove. Liec. San Mar. Mac. Kos. Bul. Mont. Bos. Croatia Rom. Serb. Hun. Slova. Germany Denmark Latvia Estonia United Kingdom Spain France Poland Ireland Puerto Rico (United States) CARIBBEAN ISLANDS FRENCH GUIANA (France) SURINAME GUYANA THAILAND MYANMAR LAOS CAMBODIA NEPAL BHUTAN BANGLADESH KYRGYZSTAN TURKMENISTAN UZBEKISTAN ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN TAJIKISTAN GEORGIA AFGHANISTAN KUWAIT SYRIA QATAR BAHRAIN U.A.E. CYPRUS JORDAN ISRAEL LEBANON UGANDA DJIBOUTI MOZAMBIQUE MALAWI BOTSWANA SWAZILAND ZIMBABWE LESOTHO DEM. REPUBLIC OF CONGO GABON CEN AF REP. BURUNDI RWANDA CAM. CONGO TOGO BENIN GHAN. IVORY COAST GUIN. BURK. GAMBIA SEN. GUINEA BISSAU CAPE VERDE MALTA UNITED STATES CANADA CUBA EL SALVADOR GUATEMALA BELIZE HONDURAS MEXICO PANAMA COSTA RICA ECUADOR COLOMBIA VENEZUELA BOLIVIA PERU BRAZIL PRIME MERIDIAN PRIME MERIDIAN TROPIC OF CANCER EQUATOR TROPIC OF CAPRICORN CHILE PARAGUAY ARGENTINA URUGUAY ICELAND GREENLAND (Denmark) FINLAND SWEDEN NORWAY UKRAINE PORTUGAL EGYPT LIBYA ETHIOPIA SUDAN ERITREA NIGERIA LIBERIA SAO TOME & PRINCIPE EQUATORIAL GUINEA NIGER CHAD ALGERIA TUNISIA MOROCCO MAURITANIA MALI SIERRA LEONE WESTERN SAHARA OMAN YEMEN KENYA SOMALIA TANZANIA MADAGASCAR MAURITIUS COMOROS SEYCHELLES NAMIBIA SOUTH AFRICA ANGOLA ZAMBIA IRAN TURKEY SAUDI ARABIA KAZAKHSTAN CHINA MONGOLIA RUSSIA INDIA PAKISTAN INDONESIA SINGAPORE MALAYSIA BRUNEI VIETNAM SRI LANKA MALDIVES PHILIPP TAIWAN S. KOREA N. KOREA IRAQ IC N ARCT IC OCEAN ATLANT IC OCEAN IND I AN OCEAN EUROPE RICA SOUTH AMERICA ASIA AFRICA 30˚ 30˚ 60˚ 90˚ 120˚ 60˚ 90˚ 120˚ 30˚ 30˚ 60˚ Bahamas Jamaica Nicaragua Dom. Rep. Haiti Dominica Barbados St. Kitts & Nevis Antigua & Barbuda St. Lucia St. Vincent & the Grenadines Grenada Trinidad & Tobago Neth. Lux. Bel. Belarus Mol. Lith. Russia Switz. Andorra Mon. Italy Vat. City Greece Alb. Aus. Czech Slove. Liec. San Mar. Mac. Kos. Bul. Mont. Bos. Croatia Rom. Serb. Hun. Slova. Germany Denmark Latvia Estonia United Kingdom Spain France Poland Ireland Puerto Rico (United States) * Israel proclaimed Jerusalem as its capital in 1949. Check the US and Canadian government websites at www.usa.gov and www.international.gc.ca for their official positions on the capital of Israel. RESOURCE PAGES R–12
Map of Canada CANADA British Columbia Victoria Edmonton Regina Winnipeg Toronto Whitehorse Yellowknife Iqaluit Quebec City Fredericton Halifax Charlottetown St. John’s Yukon Northwest Territories Nunavut Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba Ontario Newfoundland and Labrador Nova Scotia Prince Edward Island New Brunswick Quebec Canada Facts CONFEDERATION July 1, 1867 The first provinces to form Canada were New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, and Quebec. The provinces agreed that forming Canada would strengthen the economy, create a stronger government, provide protection from the United States, and supply more money to build a transcontinental railroad. It took 132 years for all of the other provinces and territories to join Canada. SIZE 9,984,670 km2 Canada’s total area makes it the second-largest country in the world. POPULATION 35,151,728* people OFFICIAL LANGUAGES French and English CAPITAL Ottawa FLAG National Flag of Canada • It flew for the first time on February 15, 1965. • It uses Canada’s national colours (red and white) and a leaf from the national tree (maple). CANADA DAY July 1 • It is a national holiday to celebrate Canada becoming a country. NATIONAL ANTHEM “O Canada” • It was proclaimed as Canada’s national anthem on July 1, 1980. • It was first sung in 1880 in French in Quebec City. • There are official English, French, and bilingual versions. * Population source: www.statcan.gc.ca (2016 Census) RESOURCE PAGES R–13
Provinces of Canada BRITISH COLUMBIA (BC) COLOMBIE-BRITANNIQUE MOTTO: Splendor sine occasu Splendour without diminishment JOINED CANADA: 1871 CAPITAL: Victoria POPULATION: 4,648,055† SIZE: Third-largest province (944,735 km2) CANADA IS COOL! BC is home to the Great Bear Rainforest. It’s part of the largest coastal temperate rainforest in the world. It is one of the most endangered forests on Earth and is home to thousands of types of animals, birds, and plants. ALBERTA (AB) ALBERTA MOTTO: Fortis et liber | Strong and free JOINED CANADA: 1905 CAPITAL: Edmonton POPULATION: 4,067,175† SIZE: Fourth-largest province (661,848 km2) CANADA IS COOL! There are two bridges in Banff, Alberta, for animals! They were built so animals can safely cross the busy Trans-Canada Highway. MANITOBA (MB) MANITOBA MOTTO: Gloriosus et liber | Glorious and free JOINED CANADA: 1870 CAPITAL: Winnipeg POPULATION: 1,278,365† SIZE: Sixth-largest province (647,797 km2) CANADA IS COOL! The town of Churchill in Manitoba is most famous for the many polar bears that can be seen there in the autumn. Churchill is nicknamed the “Polar Bear Capital of the World.” ONTARIO (ON) ONTARIO MOTTO: Ut incepit fidelis sic permanet Loyal she began, loyal she remains JOINED CANADA: 1867 CAPITAL: Toronto POPULATION: 13,448,494† SIZE: Second-largest province (1,076,395 km2) CANADA IS COOL! Canada’s tallest roller coaster is in Vaughan, Ontario. It is 93 metres high! SASKATCHEWAN (SK) SASKATCHEWAN MOTTO: Multis e gentibus vires | From many peoples strength JOINED CANADA: 1905 CAPITAL: Regina POPULATION: 1,098,352† SIZE: Fifth-largest province (651,036 km2) FLOWER: Pacific Dogwood BIRD: Steller’s Jay ANIMAL: Spirit Bear TREE: Western Red Cedar MINERAL: Jade FLOWER: Wild Rose BIRD: Great Horned Owl ANIMAL: Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep TREE: Lodgepole Pine MINERAL: Petrified Wood FLOWER: Western Red Lily BIRD: Sharp- Tailed Grouse ANIMAL: WhiteTailed Deer TREE: White Birch MINERAL: Sylvite (potash) FLOWER: Prairie Crocus BIRD: Great Grey Owl TREE: White Spruce CANADA IS COOL! A huge T-Rex fossil was found in Eastend, Saskatchewan. It was as long as a school bus and as tall as a house! †Population source: www.statcan.gc.ca (Census 2016) FLOWER: White Trillium BIRD: Common Loon TREE: Eastern White Pine MINERAL: Amethyst RESOURCE PAGES R–14
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