Problem Solving IDENTIFY Find out what the real problem is; check the data. GUESS AND CHECK • Think about strategies and relationships among variables. • Draw a picture, graph, or table. SOLVE Use the right strategy and formula. CHECK • Does the solution make sense? • Was your strategy effective? The Scientific Method STAGE 1 • Identify a question you want to solve. • Gather information. STAGE 2 Make your hypothesis, or predict what you will find out. STAGE 3 Research, experiment, and record the results. STAGE 4 • Analyze the data; ask, do the findings support the hypothesis? • Conduct more tests. • Publish your conclusion. UNIFORM MOTION m 1. DENSITY D m V density mass volume 2. MOTION d v t total distance m average velocity time s 3. AVERAGE VELOCITY AND ACCELERATION a vf vi t acceleration final velocity initial velocity time s 4. WITH CONSTANT ACCELERATION d vi t a distance m initial velocity time s acceleration 5. NEWTON’S SECOND LAW F m a net force N (= Newton) mass kg acceleration 6. GRAVITY Fg G 1,m2 d force of gravity N universal gravitational constant masses of the two objects kg distance between centres m 7. MOMENTUM p m v momentum mass kg velocity 8. WORK AND POWER W F d work J (= Joule) force N distance m 9. WORK AND POWER p W t power W (= Watt) work J time s 10. ENERGY KE m v kinetic energy J mass kg velocity 11. STATIC ELECTRICITY FE k q1,q2 d electrical force N Coulomb’s constant electrical charges C separation distance m 12. CURRENT ELECTRICITY V W q electrical potential difference V (= Volt) work done J electric charge C 13. CURRENT ELECTRICITY I q t electric current A (= Ampère) electric charge flowing C time s 14. CURRENT ELECTRICITY W V I t electrical energy J voltage V current A time s 15. CURRENT ELECTRICITY P V I power W voltage V current A 16. ENERGY TRANSFER q m ΔT c energy transfer J mass kg change in temperature °C specific heat capacity OTHER USEFUL CONSTANTS g = 9.80 m/s2 M = 5.98 x 1024 kg c = 3.00 x 108 m/s acceleration due to gravity on Earth mass of Earth speed of light 1 g 1000 kg ( cm3 = m3 ) m s m s m s m s m s2 m s2 m s2 ( k = 9x109 N·m2 ) C2 Kg · °C J m s Physics Equations ( G = 6.67x10–11 N·m2 ) kg2 s kg•m Problem Solving IDENTIFY Find out what the real problem is; check the data. GUESS AND CHECK • Think about strategies and relationships among variables. • Draw a picture, graph, or table. SOLVE Use the right strategy and formula. CHECK • Does the solution make sense? • Was your strategy effective? The Scientific Method STAGE 1 • Identify a question you want to solve. • Gather information. STAGE 2 Make your hypothesis, or predict what you will find out. STAGE 3 Research, experiment, and record the results. STAGE 4 • Analyze the data; ask, do the findings support the hypothesis? • Publish your conclusion. D = m V d = v·t a = vf–vi t d = vi·t+ 1 ·a·t 2 2 F = m·a Fg = G·m1 ·m2 d2 p = m·v W = F·d P = W t KE = 1 ·m·v2 2 V = W q W = V·I·t I = q t P = V·I q = m·c·ΔT FE = k·q1·q2 d2 m s R-12 RESOURCE PAGES SCIENCE Physics Equations R–13 RESOURCE PAGES
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